The exponential growth of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has profoundly altered the dynamics of academic research, redefining how knowledge is created, accessed, and disseminated. At the heart of this transformation lies the proliferation of electronic library (elibrary) resources, which have evolved into indispensable infrastructures for higher education institutions worldwide. E-libraries provide digital access to scholarly journals, databases, books, and grey literature, thereby bridging geographical and temporal barriers to information. This theoretical article undertakes a comprehensive analysis of key themes emerging from the literature on e-library resources, with a particular focus on their role in enhancing research productivity. It synthesizes conceptual frameworks that explain the integration of ICTs into academic knowledge systems, theoretical perspectives that highlight the mediating role of digital access in scholarly output, and empirical findings that demonstrate measurable improvements in research efficiency and collaboration. Special attention is given to the contextual challenges faced by tertiary institutions in developing countries, including infrastructural deficits, limited funding, digital literacy gaps, and policy constraints, which collectively hinder optimal utilization of e-library resources. By weaving together these strands, the article illuminates the complex interrelationship between e-library resources and research productivity, offering insights into how higher education institutions can leverage digital infrastructures to foster innovation, scholarly excellence, and global competitiveness.