Research support services in university libraries have become indispensable for enhancing research productivity, visibility, and quality. As the nature of research evolves in complexity, interdisciplinarity, and digital reliance, university libraries must reengineer their research support services (RSS) to align with contemporary needs of scholars and institutions. In Nigeria, where higher education is rapidly expanding, research output remains constrained by various systemic challenges including inadequate infrastructure, limited access to research tools, and weak integration between library services and institutional research ecosystems. Reengineering research support services involves redesigning library roles, adopting innovative technologies, strengthening partnerships, and developing competencies that enable librarians to contribute meaningfully to the research lifecycle. This paper examines the concept of research support services, the impetus for reengineering in the Nigerian context, key components of modern RSS, challenges facing Nigerian academic libraries, and practical strategies for transformation. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as socio technical systems theory, service quality models, and the research lifecycle approach, the study highlights how reengineered RSS can improve research visibility, data management, scholarly communication, and impact measurement. The paper concludes that Nigerian university libraries must adopt a holistic approach encompassing policy support, capacity building, digital infrastructure investment, and collaborative networks to reengineer RSS and effectively contribute to national and global research agendas.